بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Surah An-Nisa' (part 1)
Introduction
This Surah is called An-Nisa' (The Women) is the fourth Surah in the arrangement of the Quranic Chapters, revealed after the Surah Al-Mumtahinah. This surah is also called Surah An-Nisa' al-Kubra. There is also another surah called An-Nisa' as-Sughra which is SUrah at-Tolaq
The number of ayats according to the Kuffiyin is 176 while according to the As-Shammiyin is 177 and according to the others is 175. The differences in the numberings is due to these 2 ayat, that is whether they are 2 ayats or just 1 ayat by itself:
{44} أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا نَصِيبًا مِنَ الْكِتَابِ يَشْتَرُونَ الضَّلَالَةَ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَضِلُّوا السَّبِيلَ
{173} فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ فَيُوَفِّيهِمْ أُجُورَهُمْ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ اسْتَنْكَفُوا وَاسْتَكْبَرُوا فَيُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا وَلَا يَجِدُونَ لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا
This surah is Madaniah and it has the characteristics of the Quran Al Madaniah such as (1) it speaks about some of the rulings of the syariah; (2) exposing the Hypocrites; (3) speaks about Jihad; etc.
Aspect of Munasabah with the Surah before it (Surah Al Imran)
- The Surah Al Imran ends with the command of 'Taqwa' يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اصْبِرُوا وَصَابِرُوا وَرَابِطُوا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ
and this Surah An-Nisa starts with 'Taqwa' too يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ
- Surah Al Imran talks about the events of Uhud and this Surah An-Nisa' mentions the ending and relate to this Ghazwah of Uhud فَمَا لَكُمْ فِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِئَتَيْنِ وَاللَّهُ أَرْكَسَهُمْ بِمَا كَسَبُوا أَتُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَهْدُوا مَنْ أَضَلَّ اللَّهُ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لَهُ سَبِيلًا
- In Al-Imran it mentions the Ghazwah after Uhud, that is ghazwah 'Hamra' al-Asad', Surah An-Nisa' also relates to this Gahzwah in this ayat وَلَا تَهِنُوا فِي ابْتِغَاءِ الْقَوْمِ إِنْ تَكُونُوا تَأْلَمُونَ فَإِنَّهُمْ يَأْلَمُونَ كَمَا تَأْلَمُونَ وَتَرْجُونَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَرْجُونَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
- Also this surah explains in details what are mentioned in the previous surah
General topics in this surah
- Taking care of the orphans and warning against those who 'eats' the orphans' wealth unjustly.
- Distribution of inheritance and warning against those who goes overboard from the bounds of Allah (hududillah)
- The legislation of 'had zina (adultery and fornication) and the exhortation for repentance
- Explaining some of the rights of women and ways to solve marital and family woes
- The Mahram from the women and exhortation in steadfast in the syariah of Allah
- Prohibition from 'eating' others wealth wrongly and exhortation in refraining from major sins
- Steadfasting in all that Allah swt had fixed upon all men and women in obtaining happiness personally and in communally.
- Men are 'protectors' over women, reasons for it and problems and solutions pertaining it
- Command in the worship of Allah swt and what is commanded pertaining to the parents, relatives, orphans, poor and etc
- Warning against misery and Dakwah towards Iman and Good Actions and explanation of some rulings pertaining cleaniness (toharah)
- Exposing the trickery of the Jews and the invitation to them to Iman, and their hasad towards the muslimin and the punishment that Allah had prepared for them in the Hereafter
- Exhortation to fulfil the trust and charge (amanah) and judging between men with fairness, and obedience towards Allah swt and his prophet saw and the rulers (ulil amr) etc
- Exposing the trickery of the hypocrites and exhortation for Jihad against the hypocrite in Dakwah
- Explaining the rulings of killing a mukmin purposely and also of killing without intent or wrongfully
- Explaining the some of the etiquettes in warfare and the rewards given for those who strife in his path
- Exhortation on Hijrah and its rewards
- Solatul khauf (prayer in times of fear) and how to perform them
- Position of the hypocrites in the syariah of Allah and his Porphet
- Exhortation for Jamaah (unity in masses) and warning against going out of Jamaah
- Warning against Syaithan
- Inheritance of the orphans and solving family problems
- Exhortation to taqwa and warning against Kufr
- Exhortation towards justice, iman, truthfulness etc
- Explaining the ways of the hypocrites and warning against taking the kafir as a wali
- Deviation of the people of the Book (ahl Kitab) from the correct belief
- Exhortation for the ahl kitab towards the correct iman and the benefits of Iman and its rewards
- And lastly,the surah end explaining rulings on al-kallalah (those who leave neither decesdants nor ascendants as heirs)
End of part 1 - Wallahualam
No comments:
Post a Comment